定量研究雅安地形坡向坡度对降水分布的影响     

周学云  高文良  吴亚平  钱正迪  邱双 《气象科学》2019,39(3):322-335

利用四川省雅安市30 m分辨率基础高程数据,提取栅格的坡向和坡度参数,将雅安307个区域自动站在2017年汛期(6—9月)共50次的降水天气个例,分为16次大尺度降水和34次中小尺度降水,使用对应时次的欧洲中心细网格0.25°×0.25°再分析风场资料,根据不同的站点地形高度将风场合成平均风场,和各站点地形的坡向和坡度计算出其动力抬升作用,同时使用当天日照和天文太阳辐射值来计算地形的热力抬升作用,与对应降水过程的降水分布进行多元线性回归,根据回归的标准系数的大小确定各自变量对降水分布的影响,得出以下结论:(1)中小尺度降水中,地形的热力抬升作用对降水分布的影响作用最大,其次是海拔高度,地形的动力抬升作用在三者中对降水分布的影响最小;(2)在大尺度降水中刚好相反,地形的动力抬升对降水的分布影响作用最大,海拔次之,热力抬升作用在三者中影响作用最小;(3)日降水量最大值的站点海拔高度基本位于1 000 m左右,与抬升凝结高度对应较好;(4)从长期的统计来看,地形的动力作用和地表的植被情况对降水分布的影响最大。在实际预报工作用,根据不同的降水类型,关注不同的动力和热力作用对于判断降水分布大值区的位置有较好的参考作用。  相似文献   

我国中部地区夏季干旱的多时间尺度特征及其环流、海温异常     

赵昶昱  陈海山  孙善磊 《气象科学》2019,39(3):386-395

基于CRU逐月降水和NCEP/NCAR再分析等资料,利用集合经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)方法,分析1948—2016年中国中部地区夏季降水变化的多时间尺度特征及其对应的环流、海温异常,进而解释不同时期影响干旱发生的背景场有何不同。结果表明,中部地区夏季降水以年际变化为主,周期长度为3.8 a和6.9 a,年代际和多年代际变化的方差贡献不足20%。然而,各时间尺度降水变化对不同时期干旱事件的贡献存在较大差异,1960s、1970s,降水年际变化偏弱,相反地,多年代际变化正处于负位相的极小值期;1980s、1990s,多年代际变化位相转正;2000s初,年际变化明显增强。此外,通过分析不同时间尺度降水变化对应的环流、海温背景场,发现热带印度洋海温异常及其引起的西北太平洋副热带高压的变化、大西洋北部海温异常激发的纬向波列以及贝加尔湖地区的阻塞活动、1970s末PDO位相转变伴随的东亚夏季风突变是分别解释降水年际、年代际和多年代际变化的主要原因,进而揭示影响中部地区夏季干旱发生的关键因子及其相对重要性。  相似文献   

河源市秋季暴雨的时空分布和环流特征     

段海花  侯学源  贺发胜 《广东气象》2019,(1):5-9

利用1964—2013年河源市5个国家气象站日降水量、NCEP/NCAR逐月2.5°×2.5°再分析资料,分析河源市秋季暴雨的时空分布特征和同期环流特征。结果表明:(1)河源市秋季暴雨日数在空间分布上自南向北逐渐减少,9月的分布特征与秋季一致,11月的分布型与9月完全相反;秋季暴雨日数呈弱增长的气候变化趋势,且存在明显的阶段性变化。(2)南海到西北太平洋地区纬向风垂直切变偏小和南方涛动处在正位相时,对应有利9和10月热带气旋的生成、发展,副热带高压偏西偏北、强度偏强,有利于热带气旋趋向广东,而来自该区的强东南季风,给河源带来充沛的水汽,为暴雨的发生提供了有利的水汽条件。另外,活跃的南支槽也是造成10月暴雨的重要影响系统之一。(3)热带气旋对11月暴雨日数的贡献较小,南支槽和东移南下的高原短波槽是造成该月暴雨的重要影响系统。西太平洋副热带高压偏西偏南、强度偏强,河源受其西侧的异常西南风影响,获得充足的水汽供应,有利于暴雨的发生。(4)秋季华南地区海平面气压偏低或冷空气活动偏弱时,有利于河源暴雨天气的发生。  相似文献   

南亚高压次季节尺度东西振荡对我国长江流域降水及水汽输送的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

葛家荣  任雪娟 《气象科学》2019,39(6):711-720

使用常规资料及HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)模式,分析了早夏和晚夏期间南亚高压次季节尺度异常偏东事件和异常偏西事件发生时,我国长江流域降水及水汽输送异常特征。结果表明:早夏期间当南亚高压异常东伸时,西太平洋副热带高压可西伸至我国东南沿岸,此时,降水正异常场主要位于我国东部地区,表现为江淮区域降水异常偏多;而晚夏期间当南亚高压异常东伸时,西太平洋副热带高压的西脊点更偏东,降水正异常区位置比早夏偏西,表现为四川盆地的降水异常偏多。早夏期间,与南亚高压异常偏西事件相比,南亚高压异常偏东事件有利于更多的水汽从南方的水汽源地输送到我国江淮区域,加上此时江淮流域存在异常上升运动,动力和水汽条件共同使得江淮流域降水偏多。晚夏四川盆地地区有类似的结论。  相似文献   

江淮切变线强度的定量化描述方法研究     

顾荣直  禹梁玉  韩桂荣  孙泓川  蔡凝昊 《气象科学》2019,39(6):810-817

从气象观测事实和物理的角度出发,定义了一种江淮切变线强度的定量化的表征方法,即综合与降水关系密切的切变涡度和散度形成能客观近似地刻画切变线附近切变强度的指标量■。并在此基础上利用再分析资料和实况降水资料分析切变强度与对应降水量之间的关系,分析表明:强切变强度区域与降水雨带有明显的对应关系,降水区往往与强切变强度区域相一致或是比强切变强度区域略偏南;证实了切变强度与降水强度有正相关关系的事实,当切变强度■时,对应区域6 h累积降水量超过10 mm,甚至达到30 mm。  相似文献   

Seesaw Pattern of Rainfall Anomalies between the Tropical Western North Pacific and Central Southern China during Late Summer     

Xinyu LI  Riyu LU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(3):261-270

It is well known that suppressed convection in the tropical western North Pacific(WNP) induces an anticyclonic anomaly,and this anticyclonic anomaly results in more rainfall along the East Asian rain band through more water vapor transport during summer, as well as early and middle summer. However, the present results indicate that during late summer(from mid-August to the beginning of September), the anomalous anticyclone leads to more rainfall over central southern China(CSC), a region quite different from preceding periods. The uniqueness of late summer is found to be related to the dramatic change in climatological monsoon flows: southerlies over southern China during early and middle summer but easterlies during late summer. Therefore, the anomalous anticyclone, which shows a southerly anomaly over southern China, enhances monsoonal southerlies and induces more rainfall along the rain band during early and middle summer. During late summer,however, the anomalous anticyclone reflects a complicated change in monsoon flows: it changes the path, rather than the intensity, of monsoon flows. Specifically, during late summers of suppressed convection in the tropical WNP, southerlies dominate from the South China Sea to southern China, and during late summers of enhanced convection, northeasterlies dominate from the East China Sea to southern China, causing more and less rainfall in CSC, respectively.  相似文献   

Role of the Nocturnal Low-level Jet in the Formation of the Morning Precipitation Peak over the Dabie Mountains     

Peiling FU  Kefeng ZHU  Kun ZHAO  Bowen ZHOU  Ming XUE 《大气科学进展》2019,36(1):15-28

The diurnal variation of precipitation over the Dabie Mountains(DBM) in eastern China during the 2013 mei-yu season is investigated with forecasts of a regional convection-permitting model. Simulated precipitation is verified against surface rain-gauge observations. The observed morning precipitation peak on the windward(relative to the prevailing synoptic-scale wind) side of the DBM is reproduced with good spatial and temporal accuracy. The interaction between the DBM and a nocturnal boundary layer low-level jet(BLJ) due to the inertial oscillation mechanism is shown to be responsible for this precipitation peak. The BLJ is aligned with the lower-level southwesterly synoptic-scale flow that carries abundant moisture.The BLJ core is established at around 0200 LST upwind of the mountains. It moves towards the DBM and reaches maximum intensity at about 70 km ahead of the mountains. When the BLJ impinges upon the windward side of the DBM in the early morning, mechanical lifting of moist air leads to condensation and subsequent precipitation.  相似文献   

Interannual and Decadal Changes in Tropospheric Ozone in China and the Associated Chemistry–Climate Interactions: A Review     

Yu FU  Hong LIAO  Yang YANG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):975-993

China has been experiencing widespread air pollution due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades.The two major concerns of ambient air quality in China are particulate matter(PM) and tropospheric ozone(O_3). With the implementation of air pollution prevention and control actions in the last five years, the PM pollution in China has been substantially reduced. In contrast, under the conditions of the urban air pollution complex, the elevated O_3 levels in city clusters of eastern China, especially in warm seasons, have drawn increasing attention. Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors not only contribute to regional air quality, but also alter climate. Climate change in turn can change chemical processes, long-range transport, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. Compared to PM, less is known about O_3 pollution and its climate effects over China. Here, we present a review of the main findings from the literature over the period 2011–18 with regard to the characteristics of O_3 concentrations in China and the mechanisms that drive its interannual to decadal variations, aiming to identify robust conclusions that may guide decision-making for emissions control and to highlight critical knowledge gaps. We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated the impacts of tropospheric O_3 on climate, as well as the projections of future tropospheric O_3 owing to climate and/or emission changes.  相似文献   

华南地区7-10月两类区域性极端降水事件特征及环流异常对比   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

孙婧超  管兆勇  李明刚  于亚鑫 《气象学报》2019,77(1):43-57

利用1981—2016年7—10月中国753站逐日降水资料、气象信息综合分析处理系统（MICAPS）逐日站点降水资料、日本东京台风中心西北太平洋热带气旋（TC）最佳路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料集,分析了华南地区区域性日降水极端事件（RDPE事件）的统计特征及环流异常。根据华南地区RDPE事件的发生是否受热带气旋影响将其分为TCfree-RDPE和TCaff-RDPE两类事件,其中TCaff-RDPE事件占42%且集中发生在8月4—5候;TCfree-RDPE事件以7月发生频数最多,占其总频次的1/2以上。TCfree-RDPE事件发生时,华南地区受异常气旋性环流控制,来自西太平洋和中国南海的暖湿气流与北方冷气团在此汇合并形成一条狭长的水汽辐合带,低层辐合、高层辐散,显著强烈的上升运动为TCfree-RDPE事件的发生与维持提供了有利条件;与此同时,波扰动能量由高原东北侧及河西走廊地区向华南一带传播并在华南显著辐合,有利于华南上空扰动的发展和维持。TCaff-RDPE事件发生时,华南上空由低层到高层的斜压环流结构更为明显,异常上升运动更加强烈,热带气旋在其运动过程中携带了大量源自孟加拉湾、中国南海和西太平洋地区的水汽并输送至华南地区,水汽辐合气流更为强盛。同时,波扰动能量由高纬度地区沿河西走廊向下游传播,但在华南地区辐合不甚明显。两类极端事件发生时,加热场上的差异亦明显。华南及邻近地区上空的大气净加热及其南侧大范围区域的净冷却所形成的加热场梯度对TCfree-RDPE事件的发生有利。而TCaff-RDPE事件发生时,〈Q₁〉和〈Q₂〉在经向上由18°N以南、华南及其邻近地区、32°N以北呈负—正—负的异常分布型,正距平值更高,加热场梯度更大,有利于TCaff-RDPE事件的维持。这些结果有利于人们认识和预测华南区域性日降水极端事件的发生。   相似文献   

The cause of the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

The stratospheric polar vortex strengthening from late winter to spring plays a crucial role in polar ozone depletion. The Arctic polar vortex reaches its peak intensity in mid-winter, whereas the Antarctic vortex usually strengthens in early spring. As a result, the strong ozone depletion is observed every year over the Antarctic, while over the Arctic short-term ozone loss occasionally occurs in late winter or early spring. However, the cause of such a difference in the life cycles of the Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices is still not completely clear. Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we show a high agreement between the seasonal variations of temperature in the subtropical lower stratosphere and zonal wind in the subpolar and polar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex can occur due to the seasonal temperature increase in the subtropical lower stratosphere in this period.  相似文献